Vertical scaling (scaling up) adds CPU, memory, or disk to a single machine, while horizontal scaling (scaling out) adds more machines behind a load balancer. Horizontal scaling handles larger loads and failures but needs distribution and coordination.
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Vertical scaling (scaling up) adds CPU, memory, or disk to a single machine, while horizontal scaling (scaling out) adds more machines behind a load balancer. Horizontal scaling handles larger loads and failures but needs distribution and coordination.
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Adding resources to one server is simple but hits a hardware ceiling and remains a single point of failure.
Adding servers scales further and improves fault tolerance but requires load balancing and state distribution.
Horizontal scaling is easiest when services are stateless, so any node can handle any request.
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Vertical is simpler for small loads; horizontal scales further and survives node failures, so large systems favor it.
Stateless services let any server handle any request, so you can add or remove nodes freely behind a load balancer.
