SQL
Joins, aggregations, filters, windows, date logic, CTEs, query validation, and explaining query choices.
Business metrics
Defining KPIs, diagnosing changes, segmenting funnels, interpreting dashboards, and tying analysis to decisions.
Statistics
Averages, distributions, confidence, sampling, A/B testing, correlation, causation, and uncertainty.
Dashboards and BI
Explain chart choices, audience needs, data freshness, data quality, and how the dashboard supports decisions.
Business cases
Clarify goals, make assumptions, structure analyses, and recommend next steps from incomplete information.
Stakeholder communication
Translate analysis into concise recommendations, caveats, and follow-up actions for non-technical partners.